Communication in Organizations


Technology, Communication and Leadership


          There are many different forms of communication.  We communicate through the written word, through speaking and singing, we can even communicate without using words.  Advancements in technology over time have enriched the way that we communicate today.  It has taken the art of communication to a whole new level than we ever thought possible.  Before electricity and automobiles, people depended on the written word to be delivered via horseback, on foot, or even by ship to get messages to and from the recipient.  This resulted in letters and other correspondence that would not be received for days, weeks, or sometimes even months.  It’s hard to imagine in our day and age of lightning speed communications how business ever got accomplished with such a slow delivery system. 
            Technology has had a tremendous impact on the way we communicate today.  Even in the past 20 years we have seen how interpersonal communications have been greatly affected by advancements in technology.  Before cellular telephones, people were restricted to where and when they could speak to another person by phone.  They could not simply call someone whenever and wherever they chose.  Before cell phones, if someone wanted to make a call, they either had to wait until they were at home or near a telephone, or if it was urgent, they could use a pay phone to reach someone.  Today, with cell phones, we can contact whoever we need to, wherever and whenever we need to for the most part.  We no longer have to wait until we are near a landline, or keep a roll of quarters in our purses or pockets to contact someone about what’s for dinner, or what color that wall paint was supposed to be.  We can just whip out the cell phone and we have contact!  It is almost mind blowing how convenient technology has made interpersonal communication.  We not only have cellular phones, but we also have computers with the internet and email capabilities. We even have “smart” phones that combine the features of a computer and a cellular phone for increased communicating abilities at lightning speed.  These conveniences have incredible advantages.  Today, with these technological advances, we can accomplish a lot more in less time and with less hassle.  For instance, with the “smart” phones of today, we can hold conversations with more than one person at a time.  We can use the Bluetooth feature to carry on a voice conversation, while checking our email or shopping online and still be text messaging other people.  This may seem like information overload, but I believe the longer this technology is around, the more it ingrains itself into our society.  In the past several years alone we see more and more people using cell phones, laptops and other items such as the Ipad everywhere they go.  In the airport, for instance, one can look around and see the impact technology has on communication.  Rather than reading a book, many people opt to surf the web on their phone or computer instead.  It is not uncommon anymore to see someone on the move conducting business or chatting with a friend on the phone.  With every new step forward in technology, there are at times setbacks as well, or sacrifices that occur.
While technology has had tremendously positive impacts on interpersonal communication, it also has many disadvantages as well.  Since we can now communicate much faster and with more ease, we have a sense of instant gratification ingrained in us that we did not have before.  That sense of instant gratification often times bleeds over into other aspects of our lives because we are in now in a world where everything occurs quickly and fluently, so when something does not occur that way, we become impatient.  Another disadvantage I have become aware of is that relationships in general seem to have suffered as a result of the technological advances in communication.  People used to take time to go and speak face to face with others.  Today, it is much easier to just send a quick text message and even to have entire conversations via text message or email versus being face to face.  As a result, people do not talk as much and develop real solid relationship as much as they once did.  Also, people today tend to be bolder with what they say and how they communicate via electronic media.  People will often times say things over text or email that they would not normally say or in a tone they would not normally use if they were face to face.   
Advancement in technology has had a profound impact on organizational communications much the same way that it has on interpersonal communication.  It has provided a faster, easier way to pass information to more people in less time than conventional means.  For a business or other organization, these advancements prove to be very useful in increasing production and achieving better results.  Through my experience in the military, I’ve been able to see the effects of technology on communication within that organization first hand.  Before the organization began using email and the internet as a way to pass information along, word was passed via formations that would typically occur three times a day; in the morning, before or after lunch, and again just before everyone goes home for the day.  Today, much of the information that was passed during these formations is passed instantaneously to the entire unit at the click of a button.  This allows the unit to continue working but still receive the information in a timely fashion.  This development has great implications for productivity.  The fact that we can instantaneously pass a great deal of information and communicate by simply sending an email has advantages and disadvantages with regards to leadership.
When it comes to leadership, the effects of technology can sometimes be negative.  While it is incredibly convenient to pass information to subordinates via email or other electronic means, this should not be the primary means for all communication in regard to leadership.  At times we become so accustomed to using technology to communicate throughout a normal business day that one may be tempted to use electronic media for every communication need.  However, one area where electronic media is the least preferred form of communication is when giving an evaluation or when addressing negative performance of a subordinate.  “Leadership by email” as it is sometimes referred to, is heavily frowned upon in the military.  It gives the impression that the leader is either scared to use face to face communication, or lacks the skills necessary to conduct an evaluation face to face.  It also gives the impression that the leader is not involved or interested in the subordinates, or in the day to day operations of the work center.  Becoming too comfortable in using technology for every communication need can lead to a sense of complacency in the management of the work center. 
I believe a good leader is already a good manager, because that leader will have good management abilities.  “Scholars such as Elliott Jacques take the position that leadership and management are complementary processes.”  (Sifonis, 1996, p. 180).  Leaders not only set the goals and vision for the organization, they also follow up and   manage the situation and personnel to ensure success.  A good leader will provide subordinates with the necessary training and guidance to ensure that they are able to accomplish their mission and meet the goals of the company.  A good leader will know how to utilize various forms of communication and technology in order to best accomplish the mission and manage operations.  They will understand the best way to employ electronic media to ensure successful operations.   When managing the work center and personnel, a leader may effectively utilize email to pass important information to employees without necessarily interrupting production.  Since there would be less of the work day interrupted by passing information, a leader will have more time to conduct face to face meetings with personnel when it is critical to do so such as for the conduct of a performance evaluation, or to address noteworthy or poor behavior. 
Advancements in technology have greatly enriched both our personal and professional lives.  Technology has provided a means for us to communicate in ways people of the past never thought possible.  Because of these advancements, we are able to communicate faster, easier, and more often than we have ever been able to.  Technology has literally put a conversation with our friends, family, and colleagues at our fingertips.  While there are both advantages and disadvantages to such instantaneous communication, we can all agree that when used properly, and for the right reasons, communication technology of today can be a valuable tool at everyone’s disposal. 
 


References

Shockley-Zalabak, P.S. (2009).  Fundamentals of Organizational Communication:  Knowledge,
Sensitivity, Skills, Values.  Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.  Pearson Education, inc.

Sifonis, John G. (Author). Corporation on a Tightrope : Balancing Leadership, Governance, and
            Technology in an Age of Complexity.  Cary, NC, USA: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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